Studying Quantum Coherence on Metal Surfaces with IMPULSE+iNOPA High electron density materials elicit an ultrafast coherent response when interacting with light, from sub-femtosecond to a few femtoseconds, which makes experimental observation highly difficult. To meet this challenge, the research group of Professor Hrvoje Petek at the University of Pittsburgh used an IMPULSE laser pumped iNOPA from Clark-MXR, Inc. to measure the quantum coherence of Ag(111) by means of a multidimensional spectroscopy method called Interferometric Time-Resolved Multiphoton Photoemission (ITR-mPP). The coherent nonlinear polarizations investigated in ITR-mPP are directly related to high-harmonic generation (HHG) from metal [...]

Clark-MXR would like to congratulate this year's Physics Nobel laureates, Professors Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their invention of Chirped pulse amplification and Professor Arthur Ashkin for optical tweezers. For Clark-MXR, this is a joyous occasion as Prof. Gerard Mourou is one of our co-founders and our CPA-Series laser, first introduced in 1992, is named after the Chirped Pulse Amplification technique that Profs. Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland are honored for. We congratulate all three recipients of the Physics Nobel prize and especially our co-founder, Prof. Gerard Mourou.

Recently, the concept of integrating photonics and electronics, with the goal of producing faster electronics and more effective solar cells, has been attracting a significant amount of interest. To properly understand this idea, the small-scale electronic and photovoltaic processes must be investigated on the atomic or molecular level. Prof. Hrvoje Petek and his research group at the University of Pittsburgh are aiming to do just that, operating under the notion that processes cannot be controlled until they are adequately measured. To perform their investigations, the research group used a two-photon photoemission spectroscopy method, enabled by [...]

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects nearly 2.3 million young adults worldwide. In cases of MS, the immune system promotes an attack on the central nervous system (CNS), often leading to disability and degeneration. The MS lesion is traditionally considered the leading indicator of CNS damage and thus has been studied for decades through various clinical pathological methods. However, it has been found that surrounding regions in the brain, known as 'normal-appearing' white matter (NAWM), also present some abnormalities in MS cases. Label-free imaging techniques, such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering [...]

Chemical reactions are characterized by the motion of atoms; transformation of chemical compounds, reactants, and raw materials is therefore governed by molecular vibrations. While the motion of the atoms is easily seen at the beginning and end of a chemical reaction, the molecular changes occur too rapidly in the middle of the process, making them impossible for humans to observe. With novel techniques that employ the use of ultrafast lasers, however, we can essentially freeze the chemical reaction. This allows us to thoroughly observe the intermediate steps of the chemical reaction that were previously incomprehensible, [...]